Cell Structure and Function
What Are the Differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells?
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Cells are categorized as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells without nuclei are found in bacteria and in archaea. Most multicellular organisms have eukaryotic cells. The root of these terms, karyose, comes from the Greek word for “kernel.” In biology, this root refers to the nucleus of a cell, which is the cellular structure containing genetic material, or DNA. One of the main differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells relates to the nucleus.
A prokaryotic cellglossary term (opens in a new window) lacks a membrane-bound nucleus. In contrast, a eukaryotic cellglossary term (opens in a new window) has a distinct membrane-bound nucleus. This nucleus contains linear strands of DNA. In contrast, in prokaryotic cells the DNA is not enclosed and usually is organized as a circular chromosome. Furthermore, prokaryotic cells lack other membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells contain well-defined organelles that are enclosed in membranes.
Teacher Note: Connections
In this item, students distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. They observe patterns in systems at different scales and cite these patterns to distinguish between classifications. Have students use a graphic organizer to organize their understanding of prokaryotic and eukaryotic characteristics. Let them use words or pictures to help them remember the differences between these domains of life.
